Abstract of main article: Masochism is getting sexually aroused by fantasies about being humiliated, beaten, tied up or otherwise tortured. Sadism is the opposite. It is commonly caused by parents abusing their children.

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Sources list for:
"Masochism, Sadism and Sado-Machochism (S.M.) Causes and Symptoms"

Laws, D.r.& O'Donahue, N. (eds). Sexual deviance. New York: Guilford Press, 1997. Slob, A.K., Vink, C.W., Moors, J.P.C. en Everaerd, W. (1998)

Baumeister, R.F. Butler, J.L. Sexual masochism. Deviance without pathology. In: Laws, D.R., O'Donahue, W. (red.). Sexual Deviance. New York: Guilford Press.

Leerboek seksuologie. Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, Houten/Diegem 1998

Lankveld, J.D.M.(1998) Seksuele dysfuncties. Bohn Stafleu van Loghum: Houten/Diegem.

Frenken, J, Moors-Mommers, M. & Slob, K. Facetten van de seksualiteit. Een inleiding tot de seksuologie. 1994, Houtem/Zeventem: Bohn Stafleu Van Loghum.

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