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Sources and references for: Is Alcoholism Hereditary?

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Question:

Is alcohol addiction hereditary?

Sources, references:

  1. BEGLEITER H. (1) ; PORJESZ B. (1) ;: What is inherited in the predisposition toward alcoholism? A proposed model. Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique: 1999, vol. 23, no7, pp. 1125-1135 (2 p.1/2)
  2. Pihl RO, Peterson J, Finn P.: Inherited predisposition to alcoholism: characteristics of sons of male alcoholics. J Abnorm Psychol. 1990 Aug;99(3):291-301.
  3. American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-IV, 4th ed. s.194-204 Alcohol related disorders.
  4. Baumann P, Schild C, Hume RF, Sokol RJ.: Alcohol abuse--a persistent preventable risk for congenital anomalies. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2006 Oct;95(1):66-72. Epub 2006 Aug 22.
  5. The clinical experience of Wendy Moelker, Psychologist in charge, tutor, Emergis center for mental health care, Goes, the Netherlands.
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