Preventing the development of eating disorders must begin early in life
and even include attitudes and behaviour not directly connected with food
and eating. Knowledge about the influence of earlier experiences has
become more certain. Parents need to be able to respond in various ways to
the child's expression of various needs. In this way the organizing of
initiative, inner control and self-awareness is supported.
Some earlier child welfare advice had opposite effects. According to Hilde
Bruch, the rigid plan which was usual in the 1930's, was changed in the
forties and fifties by campaigns which encouraged the parents to avoid
letting children get frustrated and always accept them. The fault with
both the above recommendations, which may appear opposite at first, was
that they neglected children's own expressions for their impulses and
bodily needs. This neglect led to faults in children's inner control.
The parent's readiness to fulfil the child's needs, but also to set
necessary limits, are important for the interaction between parents and
child. The parents must be able to distinguish between expressions of
nutritional needs and expressions of unpleasant sensations. They must not
use food as the universal mediator, pacifier or reward or punishment by
stopping it. This attentiveness, which distinguishes between different
needs, is the basis for children learning to think for themselves.
Parents can help their child to develop a healthy feeling of hunger and
satisfaction by teaching it to accept the signals originating from its own
body.
They should not impose their own opinions about when the child should eat
upon the child. It is only the child itself who knows if it's hungry or
satisfied. The parents should avoid to give the child food as consolation
or reward. The child's own signals of hunger should determine whether the
child should eat or not. Food should not be associated with anything other
than physical hunger. The parents should make sure that there is healthy
food at home and avoid tempting junk food. The child might like the junk
food more and use it to satisfy its hunger and will not get the
nourishment the body needs.
It is not easy for any parent to satisfy its child's needs. But if the
parents themselves are emotionally disturbed or busy with their own
problems, they face an even harder challenge.
More about how bringing up children can prevent eating disorders.